Hernia is a protrusion of one of the internal organs of the abdomen to the outside, through weakness in the muscles or membranes surrounding this organ to show a stoop or a hunch below the skin. Normally, Abdomen consists of many layers including the outer skin layer, then the muscles, then the internal tissue that is all coherent to keep the internal organs in place, when the muscles of the abdominal wall are weakened for any reason, some internal organs and often part of the intestine are able to pass through.

Hernia is divided according to its origins in two main sections: 

Congenital hernia is called the primary, and this type is found in the patient from birth.

Secondary hernia, or so-called acquired hernia, this type of hernia occurs at different stages of human life, usually due to causes such as:

- Umbilical hernia after pregnancy and birth. 

- Increase abdominal pressure as well as in severe constipation.

- Chronic cough.

- Lifting heavy objects. 

- Significant weight gain. 

- After surgery, especially if the wound has inflammation after the operation.

The hernia is divided into several types depending on its location, mostly in the abdominal area from the bottom of the rib cage to the end of the pelvis. These are the most common types:

It is a hernia in the pubic area above the inner thigh area, usually affecting men more than women, and the hernia cyst consists mostly of part of the small intestine as well as the surrounding fatty tissue, and has two direct and indirect types.

It occurs near the hernia area but down and outwards a little, affecting women more than men.

It occurs in or around the navel area, usually after pregnancy and childbirth, and also affects men if abdominal pressure is high. 

It occurs when a part of the stomach rushes to the chest through weakness on the diaphragm, and usually does not cause symptoms except heartburn.

It is a hernia that occurs at the site of the wound, and increases the likelihood of its occurrence when the wound develops infections. 

Most of the time the cause of the hernia is unknown, since it is possible for a person to be born with a diaphragm opening, and hiatal hernia occurs often in women, overweight people and older people. 

Hernias are mostly caused by increased pressure on the abdomen, or by a congenital defect in a wall of abdomen and diaphragm, these are some of the reasons why hernia can cause: 

- Obesity.

- Weightlifting, or heavy weights. 

- Chronic cough.

- Stress with urination or due to chronic constipation. 

- Ascites in the abdomen. 

- Peritoneal dialysis.

- Ventricular shunt.

-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, And family's history of hernias. 

- Performing operations in the abdominal area. 

For an adult, he complains of a painless protrusion that can be returned to the abdominal area where the hernia is located, and increases when walking, carrying heavy objects, by coughing, constipation, and it can become painful if the arteries feeding the area are pressed, the pain and protrusion disappears when lying down and sleeping, and in the case of children they cry continously from pain and then the mother notices the presence of this tumor.

Hiatal hernias usually complain of esophageal acidity accompanied by chest pain, frequent pneumonia and shortness of breath. 

- Repeated pain.

- Hernia slinging and non-returning contents into the abdomen. 

- Hernia asphyxiation means that the intestine inside the hernia is obstructed.

- In the case of hiatal hernia, it can lead to esophageal ulcers and difficulty swallowing food and if it is neglected it may lead to bleeding from the pharynx.

The disease is usually diagnosed due to the obvious symptoms in the patient and the doctor will take some of the following tests:

-The patient's medical history or his or her family, if the patient is a child or a young person. 

-Clinical examination by the competent doctor, this leads to diagnosis in cases of inguinal, umbilical hernia and surgical hernia. 

-Diagnosis of hiatal hernia requires chest x-rays where it is possible to see part of the stomach in the chest causing pressure on the lung, and to confirm the diagnosis an endoscopy for the esophagus and stomach is required. 

It is a one-day operation in the sense that the patient is admitted to the hospital in the morning and performs the operation and after he wakes up from the Anesthesia and is monitored for several hours, the patient is sent home, in the case of a simple inguinal hernia, but for issues that help to avoid returning the hernia again is to change the lifestyle and reduce the factors causing the hernia.